Pure And Srba Dual Doped Zno Nanoparticles Prepared By Co-Precipitation Method And Their Structural, Optical And Antimicrobial Properties

The present investigation, the successful preparation of pure ZnO (Z1) NPs and SrBa dual doped ZnO (Z2) NPs by chemical co-precipitation technique without use of any capping agent. The structural and morphological properties of Z1 and Z2 NPs were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Elemental analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). An optical property was studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The antimicrobial activity of Z1 and Z2 NPs has been investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial strains. It has been interestingly observed that Z2 NPs has enhanced the inhibitory activity than that of Z1 NPs against S. aureus and more efficiently than the K. pneumoniae bacterial strain.

Admissions to a sick new born care unit in a secondary care hospital: Profile and outcomes

Background: To reduce neonatal mortality in North Bihar, evidence is required about the impact of sick newborn care units (SNCUs) in secondary level hospitals on mortality at the end of the neonatal period. Objectives: The objective of the study is to assess the profile of neonates admitted to an SNCU and the outcome at the completion of neonatal period. Methods: A cohort of neonates admitted from March to June 2014 to an SNCU was assessed through family interviews and hospital records. Demographic details (age, sex, and socioeconomic status) and clinical details (antenatal care, birthplace, weight, diagnosis, and family history) were documented. Follow-up was done at discharge or death or referral and the completion of neonatal period. The primary outcome was survival at the completion of neonatal period. Secondary outcomes were case fatality rate at discharge and weight gain. Results: Of 210 neonates assessed, 87.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 82.4–91.4) survived till the end of the neonatal period. The case fatality rate at the time of discharge was 0.9% (95% CI 0.3–3.4). Majority of the diagnoses were infections, hyperbilirubinemia, and infant of diabetic mother. Mean weight gain at the end of neonatal period (n = 157) was 706 g (P = 0.00). Sex ratio at admission was 567 girls to 1000 boys (95% CI 428/1000–751/1000). No neonate from lower socioeconomic families was admitted. Conclusions: SNCUs in remote areas can bring down neonatal mortality in North Bihar. Unequal access of SNCUs services to girls and lower socioeconomic groups highlighted the existing barriers which require attention.

Comparison of caudal tramadol versus caudal fentanyl with bupivacaine for prolongation of postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients

Introduction: Caudal block is one of the most popular and commonly used regional anaesthetic procedures in paediatric patients for most surgeries below the umbilicus. Because of the short duration of analgesia with bupivacaine alone various additive have been used to prolong the action of bupivacaine. Aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect of tramadol or fentanyl added to bupivacaine for infraumblical surgeries in pediatric patients. Materials and methods: It was a prospective study, 80 patients randomly selected belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status I-II, in the age group of 1-12 years, of either sex undergoing infraumblical surgery under general anesthesia were divided into two groups. Group BT received 1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with tramadol 2 mg/kg in normal saline and Group BF received 1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with fentanyl 2 mg/kg in normal saline with maximum volume of 12 ml in both groups. All patients were assessed intraoperatively for hemodynamic changes, pain score and sedation score. Results: The mean duration of analgesia was 10-18 h in Group BT while in Group BF it was 7-11 h. The postoperatively period up to 10 h, Group BF had higher sedation score up to two as compared to that below one on Group BT. P V Praveen Kumar, G Madhavi. Comparison of caudal tramadol versus caudal fentanyl with bupivacaine for prolongation of postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients. IAIM, 2017; 4(10): 22-29. Page 23 Conclusion: Caudal tramadol compared to caudal fentanyl significantly prolongs the duration of analgesia without any side effects.

Comparison of fentanyl versus fentanyl plus magnesium as post-operative epidural analgesia in orthopedic hip surgeries

Introduction: Post-operative pain is often inadequately treated. Optimal utilization of the available resources is essential for improving pain management. Magnesium has antinociceptive effects in animal and human models of pain. Materials and methods: 60 patients of either sex, belonging to 45-60 years of age, ASA grade I and II admitted for orthopedic hip surgeries. In the post-operative period when patient first complained of pain, they received either 50 mcg of Fentanyl (GROUP-F) or 50 mcg of Fentanyl plus 50 mg of Magnesium (GROUP-FM) diluted to 6 ml with normal saline. The parameters monitored were duration of analgesia, quality of analgesia (vas and vrs), cardio-respiratory effects: pulse rate, blood pressure (sbp and dbp), and respiratory rate and side effects like: nausea, vomiting, hypotension, sedation, respiratory depression. Results: Mean onset of analgesia in Group F was 16.2 ± 2.67 min and in Group FM was 15.9± 3.4 min. The duration of analgesia in Group F was 160± 18.19 min and in Group FM was 337.3 ± 47.48 min. In our study, there is mild fall in pulse rate and diastolic BP with both groups, more so with Fentanyl plus Magnesium group, and respiratory parameters were stable in both groups. In our study 50 mg of epidural Magnesium coadministered with Fentanyl in Group FM resulted in lower VAS scores at 2,3,4 hours postoperatively. Conclusion: Epidural Magnesium (50 mg) as an adjuvant to epidural Fentanyl (50 mcg) for postoperative analgesia resulted in prolonged duration of analgesia when compared to epidural Fentanyl (50 mcg) alone.

Comparative clinical study of attenuation of cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy intubation diltiazem, lignocaine and combination of diltiazem and lignocaine

Background: In contributing the patient care, Anaesthesia and endotracheal intubation have become a core part of anaesthesiologists. Via nose or mouth, the trans-laryngeal placement of endotracheal tube into the trachea is called endotracheal intubation. Aim: To compare responses of lignocaine and diltiazem and combination of both on cardiovascular endotracheal intubation in healthy, normotensive patients. Materials and methods: This was a prospective randomised study, 80 patients were scheduled for tubectomy, cholecystectomy, appendectomy, abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy. These patients were divided into four groups, 20 in each group. Group I received normal saline, Group II received lignocaine and normal saline, Group III received diltiazem and normal saline, Group IV received diltiazem and lignocaine. Results: Males were 12, 60% and females were 8, 40% in group I, males were 12, 60% and females were 8, 40% in group II, males were 12, 60% and females were 8, 40% in group III and males were 10, 50% and females were 10, 50% in group II. Most of patients were aged between 21-40 years, group I (90%), Group II (82%), Group III (86%) and Group IV (75%). The mean age of group I was 33.98±8.05, group II was 38.78±9.26, group III was 31.87±5.29 and group IV was 35.68±7.89. The attenuation was maximum in Group IV followed by group II and group III, with respect to heart rate and systolic blood pressure. P V Praveen Kumar, P. Archana. Comparative clinical study of attenuation of cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy intubation diltiazem, lignocaine and combination of diltiazem and lignocaine. IAIM, 2017; 4(10): 8-13. Page 9 Conclusion: In normotensive patients, the combination of diltiazem and lignocaine were more effective than when they were administered diltiazem and lignocaine individually for attenuating hemodynamic changes to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.

Fentanyl with levobupivacaine versus tramadol with levobupivacaine for combined spinal epidural analgesia in labor

Background: Pain is perceived only by the sufferer as it is a subjective phenomenon. The TCIA (Taxonomy committee of International Association) defined pain as an unpleasant emotional and sensory experience associated with potential tissue damage. Aim: The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of post-operative analgesia with epidural Tramadol in combination with levobupivacaine versus fentanyl. Materials and methods: This study was conducted study was a prospective, randomised comparative study. After ethical committee approval, a total of 100 patients were selected undergoing lower limb and lower abdominal surgeries were included in the study. Inclusion Criteria was patients who had ASA I and ASA II, age between 18-45 years, both males and female patients were included in the study. An informed consent was obtained from all the patients and they were examined thoroughly clinically during the pre-anaesthetic evaluation and routine laboratory investigations were done. 100 patients were allocated into two groups by simple randomisation technique. Group A: Tramadol and Levobupivacaine group (n=50) and Group B: Fentanyl group and Levobupivacaine (n=50). Results: In the present study, mean age in group I was 55.23±2.35, mean age in group II was 56.85±8.24, and male: female ratio was 18:10 in group I and in group II was 15:8. Duration of surgery in group I was 111.50 minutes and in group II was 112.85 minutes. Mean VAS score was P V Praveen Kumar, P. Swathi, P. Balakrishna. Fentanyl with levobupivacaine versus tramadol with levobupivacaine for combined spinal epidural analgesia in labor. IAIM, 2017; 4(10): 1-7. Page 2 less than 1 in both the groups was either equal to 1 or less than 1 during the first 24 hours after first dose of epidural analgesic administration. There was no significant difference in the mean heart rate among both the groups statistically (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure among both the groups statistically (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in mean arterial blood pressure among both the groups statistically (p>0.05). More side effects were seen in group B i.e. fentanyl along with levobupivacaine. Conclusion: Prolonged analgesia with minimal side effects is provided by adding tramadol to local anesthetic. Fentanyl has certain fetomaternal side-effects, when used as adjuvant to local anesthetic, but it provides a rapid onset of analgesia.

Nutritional status of Kamar tribal children in Chhattisgarh.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the nutritional status among 309 Kamar children (161 boys and 148 girls) aged 4-12 years. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 24-hours dietary recall method was used to assess dietary intakes of children. Height and weight were recorded and children were classified by WHO criterion (Z-score) using nutritional indices i.e. weight for age, height for age and weight for height. NCHS data were used as reference. Mean energy and protein intake per day were measured and compared with Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) of Indian standards. RESULTS: More than 90 percent of children (both boys and girls) in the age group of 4-6 years suffered by underweight (<-2 SD weight for age), which was comparatively lower in 7-9 and 10-12 years age group children. 84.51 percent of boys suffered by stunting (<-2 SD height for age), which was much higher than girls (47.54%) in 4-6 years age group. Similarly, 80 percent of 4-6 years age group children were affected by wasting (<-2 SD weight for height). The consumption of energy and protein were also much lower among Kamar children than the RDA of India throughout the ages. CONCLUSION: Undernutrition in the form of underweight, stunting and wasting and low consumption of dietary intake (energy and protein) was found to be widely prevalent among Kamar tribal children. Therefore, an urgent dietary intervention programme is necessary. Further studies are required to investigate into problem and to supplement the key nutrients which are required to ensure a good nutritional status in children.

Safety of thrombolytic therapy following acute myocardial infarction in patients above 65 years.

The safety of thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction in the elderly population has not been clearly established. In a retrospective study we evaluated the efficacy and complications of thrombolytic therapy in the elderly as compared to younger patients. Consecutive 588 patients who received thrombolytic therapy were studied. Clinical data in 136 patients aged above 65 years were compared with 85 patients below 40 years. Cigarette smoking was a common risk factor in the young (46 vs 13; p < 0.0001). Coexistent systemic diseases and conduction system disturbances (28 vs 9; p < 0.05) were common in the older patients, but the incidence of bleeding complications to thrombolytic therapy (6 vs 1; p = NS) was not found to be higher. Ninety percent of the elderly who had cardiogenic shock died. There was no significant difference between the two groups in reinfarction rate (12 vs 15; p = NS) and post-infarct angina (20 vs 20; p = NS). Coronary angiography revealed a higher incidence of multivessel disease in the elderly. To conclude, thrombolytic therapy is safe and effective even in older individuals.